When Did the Qipao First Emerge?

Regarding the origin of the qipao fashion, it is generally believed to have begun during the Republican era (1912–1949). As noted by scholar Zheng Yimei, Women in the Qing Dynasty wore short jackets, not qipaos; the qipao only appeared after the establishment of the Republic of China. However, the exact year of its emergence has been a subject of vague speculation in earlier research.

Both Zhou Xibao and Eileen Chang suggested that the qipao became fashionable after 1921. Zhou even referenced pictorials from 1923, estimating that “only one or two out of dozens of women in Shanghai wore the so-called qipao at the time.” In reality, given the sensitivity of Shanghai’s press to social trends, any new style gaining popularity would have attracted significant attention. Yet, before May 1925, publications like *Shen Bao (The Shanghai News)* contained almost no mention of the qipao. In contrast, numerous records from 1925 provide substantial evidence of its sudden prominence. Additionally, historical accounts from Beijing—the former imperial capital—also indicate that qipao fashion began around 1925.

Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that the qipao’s rise to popularity started in 1925.

Key Points:

Republican Era Origins:

The qipao evolved from Qing-era clothing but became a distinct fashion in the early 20th century.

1925 as the Turning Point

Despite earlier sporadic appearances, 1925 marks its widespread adoption in cities like Shanghai and Beijing.

Media Evidence

The lack of press coverage before 1925 and its sudden prominence afterward support this timeline.

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